Innovative trends in university education Part 4
The first is associated with the development of the multilevel system in many universities of. The advantages of this system consist in the fact that multi-level system of organization of higher education provides broader flexibility in pace of learning and choosing a future profession. It shapes the ability of a graduate on the basis of University education new specialty.
The second trend is a powerful enrichment of the universities of modern information technologies, the widespread integration of the Internet and the intensive development of distance learning students.
The third trend is universities are of higher education in and the integration process of all higher educational institutions leading in the country and in the world universities that leads to appearance of University complexes.
The fourth trend is the translation of the higher education self-funded. Another trend is the inclusion of universities in the renewal of higher professional education taking into account requirements of international standards. Therefore, there is a transition of higher educational institutions in the mode of experimental work on approbation of new curricula, educational standards, new educational technologies and governance structures.
Universities changing in the process of innovative search, category a self-developing educational system.
In the system of higher education there are different types of innovations. Assessment criteria innovation:
The scale of the transformation of the University. Innovations can be introduced in only one Department or direction and are connected, for example, with the change of curriculum and educational programs. More extensive changes can include the management structure, forms of organization of educational-professional and scientific-research activity of students, educational technology, international cooperation and more. If the whole University is implementing the idea of development, the introduction of different types of innovations becomes full-scale in scope, covering, as a rule, all parts and elements of the system.
The degree of depth of the ongoing transformation. Under this criterion it is possible to upgrade by analogy or prototype, already known in the world. This applies to all elements and links institutions of higher education – academic discipline, the activities of the teacher and the student, the organization of selection of applicants. Combinatorial innovation involves structural, not substantive update. For example, the inclusion of the University academic gymnasium schools. Another example could be the creation of a complex “the pedagogical school and pedagogical College and pedagogical University”. A radical change in the higher education system due, for example, opening a private University, higher educational institutions, different sources of funding, with the transition of the entire University for distance learning students.
The degree of novelty for the time factor. Under this criterion innovation as “replacement”, “canceling”, “open” and pet. In the first case, instead of the outdated textbook, for example, or a technical means of introducing new, more modern. The essence of cancellation – the termination of activity of some structures of the University in connection with its futility, that is the novelty. “Opening” is a new specialty, educational technology, substructure. Retro ware is the development of University what for a long time and abolished.
During the twentieth century in world practice, the experiments are intensively searching for new ways of development of the school and University, the result is the place a huge variety of types of schools.
In the system of higher education develops a multi-level system, which includes educational institutions of secondary professional, higher professional and postgraduate education.
In modern the education system is continually evolving and it is characterized by constant updating and self-development. A particularly powerful innovation process covers the system of education in 1980-90-ies. Instead of a single and uniform school began to appear gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges, schools of different profiles and directions. For example, merchants, Cossack, farmer, naval school, cadet corps, adaptive educational institution, school lab, the original educational complexes, national schools (Jewish, Kalmyk, Nenets, Finnish, German). There were international schools and universities, private schools and universities. Instead of institutions and specialized high schools (military, civil aviation, art) major institutions of higher education were mostly University and Academy.